What Everyone Else Does When It Comes to Topics to Compare and Contrast in a College Essay and What You Need to Be Doing Different

<h1> What Everyone Else Does When It Comes to Topics to Compare and Contrast in a College Essay and What You Need to Be Doing Different </h1> <h2>Characteristics of Topics to Compare and Contrast in a College Essay </h2> <p>Both little and enormous colleges can furnish understudies with the chances to arrive at instructive goals. All things considered, numerous understudies aren't solid and steady to figure out which subjects they have to focus on in college, so getting an all the more balanced instruction can be useful. Understudies who select the A-level course is going to take at least three A-level subjects, however may choose to have a fourth dependent on their scholarly qualities and their post-auxiliary goals. Understudies who exceed expectations recorded as a hard copy about such complex point may have a chance to be selected into some of the perfect Art colleges to think of their capacities and ability. </p> <p>You'll handle remarkab le issues and clarify various circumstances as you endeavor to find the ideal answer. You should inquire about the chose subject and find realities to negate your essential proposition. You should inquire about your theme to choose three cases. On the off chance that you select a troublesome article point for a particular explanation, or when you have zero decision and thegiven theme doesn't intrigue you much, do take the guide of Professional Advisers. </p> <h2>The Ideal Strategy to Topics to Compare and Contrast in a College Essay </h2> <p>Students that need over a rundown of good points may recruit proficient scholarly authors online to obtain the most extreme evaluation with no particular endeavors. Since you may see, the themes are part between various classifications so it would be more straightforward that you select one. In most of cases, the subjects you pick ought to be firmly related. You see that it's a bizarre subject that may be very hard to env ision or clarify, yet a few understudies may very well transform that theme into a magnum opus. </p> <h2> Things You Should Know About Topics to Compare and Contrast in a College Essay </h2> <p>At the web webpage you may be obviously acceptable excellent works which could be practiced regarding fitting costs. To gather such information, a point by point fundamental research is essential. It's essential to get the perfect measure of data in your article. For example, something as simple as including new data your web webpage makes another selling opportunity when possibilities and clients see your website so as to watch the new details.</p> <h2> The Topics to Compare and Contrast in a College Essay Chronicles </h2> <p>You can start with the kind of subject you select for your thoroughly analyze paper. The kind of the exposition must be chosen before figuring the postulation and composing theory explanation being they should coordinate t he kind of the endeavor. You may likewise arrange a completely composed look into paper and lighten the amount of work you have to do. Additionally, you're prepared to buy article online modest in case of time need. </p> <p>You just need to arrange an incredible article from specialists with the best scholastic degrees in various fields. Such medication is a device which makes it workable for you to analyze distinctive clinical methodology and decide their degree of adequacy. There are two normal strategies to form the organization. As it's just moderate, it genuinely depends on the class and possibly your insight into the material itself. </p> <h2> Topics to Compare and Contrast in a College Essay: the Ultimate Convenience! </h2> <p>For model an individual may choose a subject like, life in the shoes of a werewolf. Enough practice in perusing and composing will flexibly you with an extra bit of leeway. You may examine a sentiment of taste and the book of your preferred writer. By doing this you can make sure about a vastly improved photos of the exposition which you should expound on. </p> <h2> The Basics of Topics to Compare and Contrast in a College Essay You Can Learn From Beginning Right Away</h2> <p>For example, you may consider likenesses or contrasts in the event that we are buying another MP3 player or choosing a spot to contemplate English. You're ready to expound on anything you desire, yet ensure it's an astounding article. People can even now find your work on the web and you should ensure that it is composed acceptable and mix-up free. A genuine model will give a general thought. </p> <h2>The Appeal of Topics to Compare and Contrast in a College Essay </h2> <p>Rhetorical expositions aren't as hard as it seems, by all accounts, to be, you just have create strong contentions remembering the over 3 systems which will assist you with setting a perspective about this i ssue of logical papers. It's conceivable to intrigue books, motion pictures or articles which are examining precisely the same theme you're probably going to approach in your exposition. Presentation The absolute first area of a paper is the presentation. Presently, in the event that you accept expository papers are pugnacious articles, at that point you're off-base, there's an immense contrast between them. </p> <p>The previously mentioned look into article subjects are only a few the various themes it is conceivable to choose to go over in your exposition. Every one of these assortments of paper is claimed by the classification of useful exposition. To show that you're a specialist of the subject of your proposition, you should utilize some particular and important models for help in your differentiation exposition. There are a ton of conceivable investigate paper points, and various them are hard to perform.</p> <p>Generally, a critical focal point exposition follows an ordinary article group design. It is a sort of article planned for giving an individual translation and investigation of a specific citation or articulation, demonstrating one's conclusion with the assistance of writing references. In actuality, it is centered around featuring solid and feeble purposes of a given statement. The absolute first thing you should do is recognize the kind of thoroughly analyze exposition which you're dealing with. </p> <p>What you try to train your peruser will discover the type of your paper. The journalists would need to make sense of the organization to be utilized however it isn't workable for them to utilize both of the arrangements simultaneously. Presentation with the powerful snare and proposal explanation remains the equivalent. Making a diagram is a noteworthy bit of composing. </p>

Some Interesting Correlation Research Paper Topics

Some Interesting Correlation Research Paper TopicsIn this article, I need to feature a portion of the connection inquire about paper themes that will be fascinating to you. There is a wide scope of research papers that you can compose with respect to various points however you have to remember that your outcomes ought not exclusively be founded on observational discoveries yet in addition on measurable findings.This is on the grounds that such experimental research will in general depend vigorously on factual techniques that are not pertinent to the application that you are expounding on. Along these lines, you ought to know about which information strategies are pertinent to the point that you have chosen.One of the most intriguing and most significant subject for you to inquire about is the subject of non-parametric measurements, which is of extraordinary enthusiasm to numerous individuals. As the name proposes, non-parametric insights manage measurements without the utilization of any one explicit kind of measurement. This is vital for the explanation that non-parametric measurements will in general have higher degrees of opportunity in their testing.There are numerous individuals who don't feel good with working with an excessive number of factors in their information. This is the reason they are a lot of slanted towards working with non-parametric insights since they will in general be increasingly adaptable in what they can do with their data.Another extremely fascinating and fundamental subject that you ought to consistently attempt to examine is the subject of correlative information examination. This is a theme that manages the examination of the connection between's two variables.Such affiliations are generally very difficult to distinguish. In this manner, on the off chance that you don't have the foggiest idea how to see if these affiliations are huge or not, you should consistently focus on correlative research paper points, for example, relationsh ip between's the classifications of education.There are numerous themes that you ought to consistently consider when you are directing such research yet these are only two of the most significant inquiries that you should pose to yourself before you start. It isn't sufficient to simply consider these themes and afterward be content with your work.Another regular misinterpretation is that since you are managing relationship information, you don't should be worried about different parts of the subject. You ought to consistently be contemplating the entirety of the viewpoints when you are examining the theme.

Essay Writing Topics - Tips to Write Effective Essays

<h1>Essay Writing Topics - Tips to Write Effective Essays</h1><p>These days, there are many individuals who are searching for articles subjects to expound on. You may be one of them. These subjects could be various kinds of points that incorporate such things as getting religion and ideas of morality.</p><p></p><p>But you will think that its hard to settle on what theme to expound on. It's extremely hard to pick the correct point since you need to settle on a cautious decision. From the outset, you have to consider what is significant in your life. Is it your activity or a youngster? Make a rundown of all these and include your rundown together.</p><p></p><p>Now, you have to think if the subject that you need to expound on is identified with that rundown. For instance, you can expound on a vocation or kids. To make it simple, consider how you need to begin composing your exposition. For instance, compose the initial ba rely any lines on kids and afterward finish the paper on a job.</p><p></p><p>Now, it's imperative to compose well. The more you finish your exposition, the better and more clear you will be. You will think that its difficult to compose your expositions, in the event that you don't make a decent first impression.</p><p></p><p>There are likewise some different ways that will assist you with making your articles to look progressively proficient. Begin to make the article short, on the off chance that you don't know of what to expound on. Be that as it may, start with something intriguing, which will make it simple for you to compose a fascinating essay.</p><p></p><p>If you think that its hard to compose things as far as possible, simply put it toward the start of the article. Thusly, you will have more space to compose. Additionally, it will cause your article to seem composed and clear.</p><p></p> ;<p>You ought to consistently recall that it is the central matter of your paper, which ought to be as significant as different parts. These are a few hints that will assist you with establishing a decent first connection with the paper composing topics.</p>

Should You End a College Essay Saying You Hope to Get In?

<h1>Should You End a College Essay Saying You Hope to Get In?</h1><p>Should you end a school exposition saying you would like to get in? Many are pondering this at the present time. Some believe it's an amateurish activity, others believe it's completely worthy and a decent method to end an intriguing essay.</p><p></p><p>For a few, it might be an issue since they didn't complete secondary school. Be that as it may, for other people, this is another phase in their lives and they want to get in. There are numerous reasons why individuals compose a paper that they plan to get in.</p><p></p><p>The best exposition to expound on getting in is one that reflects what your expectations are. How would you plan to get in? How would you see yourself getting in? What are the advantages of getting in and the focuses to make on the off chance that you don't get in?</p><p></p><p>You may need to consider a simil ar when composing a school paper. Nonetheless, with all the classes that understudies take these days, they additionally will in general read significantly more articles written in the past.</p><p></p><p>The past is changing and in this manner, presently recognizing what's going on the planet today may not mean as a lot to you as it did when you were an understudy. Since such a large number of individuals do homework on the web or on the Internet, it can make you think you know more than you really do.</p><p></p><p>This is particularly obvious in the event that you are doing the exposition all alone. At the point when you are composing a piece that is completely founded on your own contemplations, you are less disposed to include things that are now basic information. It might cause your article to appear to be less original.</p><p></p><p>Be mindful that you might be reprimanded by some different understudies fo r placing things in your paper that weren't really intended to be there. It is normal for individuals to bounce in on something they have a personal stake in. On the off chance that this occurs, you might need to survey what you wrote before and evacuate any data that is as of now demonstrated to be controversial.</p><p></p><p>Ending with an initial articulation like, 'I want to get in to graduate' makes it sound progressively close to home and less like schoolwork. It makes you sound progressively expert and encourages you gain acknowledgment into the university.</p>

The Downside Risk of Essay Samples Abortion That No One Is Talking About

<h1> The Downside Risk of Essay Samples Abortion That No One Is Talking About </h1> <h2>Understanding Essay Samples Abortion </h2> <p>Abortion is a fairly delicate issue. It is a significant issue and it ought to be looked into upon additional. Fetus removal should be legitimized because of the basic certainty of unanticipated conditions that happen all through america every day. It has been around since old occasions. </p> <p>There have been various contentions over what is directly about premature birth and what isn't. To begin with, premature birth can cause numerous physical difficulties. All in all, it has numerous individuals on the two sides of the contention. To demonstrate the way that it is a social issue, we need to take a gander at the segments of a social issue. </p> <h2>Most Noticeable Essay Samples Abortion </h2> <p>You are probably going to cherish our work. In the occasion the theme is constantly advancing or prone to alter later on, call attention to that to your peruser. You ought to have your reasons, and our essential concern is that you wind up getting an astounding evaluation. Right off the bat, recognize the issue you're probably going to address. </p> <h2> Ok, I Think I Understand Essay Samples Abortion, Now Tell Me About Essay Samples Abortion!</h2> <p>Thus, premature births are ostensibly the most mainstream clinical method s in the USA yearly. It's sad that minors every so often make some precarious memories getting conception prevention simply because of their age. It's inappropriate to assume that a baby is certifiably not a person since it doesn't talk, or is anything but a social element. Thus, it would be counter-intuitive for people to hint that hatchlings aren't a segment of living individuals. </p> <p>Women who dispose of their own one of a kind infants don't feel they murder living creatures. As it's underhanded for another person to direct utilizing her body by assaulting her, in this way it is malicious for someone to direct the utilization of her body by compelling her to keep being pregnant. Adolescents and youngsters don't look at premature birth as an erroneous follow up because of the basic reality a few laws permit it to be unlawful, for instance in the usa, which is the reason they feel that it is ordinary. A few people decide to execute the training without anyone else in this way taking a chance with their lives and that of the newborn child. </p> <h2> Ok, I Think I Understand Essay Samples Abortion, Now Tell Me About Essay Samples Abortion!</h2> <p>The clinical meaning of origination is comprehended to be the act of preparation that is when the ovum and sperm meet. In numerous occurrences, a lady may likewise have extreme passionate an d mental issues following a premature birth. For instance if there's a difficulty in pregnancy and the mother can endure because of the child, I believe it's alright to do fetus removal. A hatchling isn't human until late in the pregnancy and in the absolute initial not many weeks it is only an organic element that is in the midst of its formative stage.</p> <p>It is additionally plausible that undesirable pregnancy is the outcome of wellbeing inconveniences or failure to help a child. For one, authorization of fetus removal could be the fundamental explanation with respect to the motivation behind why young people are urged to get sex. Albeit a first or second trimester it is far more secure than childbearing. Illegalizing premature birth diminishes the likelihood of unprotected sex which causes undesirable pregnancies. </p> <h2> What is Truly Happening with Essay Samples Abortion</h2> <p>Adoption cites are incredibly useful for composing the paper on the subject viable. At our exposition help, papers are constantly conveyed in a short second. Convincing article requests the ethical difficulties. A selection exposition is a sort composing, which contains the data about youngster reception. </p> <p>If you consider something that you need to include while composing your determination, find an approach to fuse it in the body of the paper. Hence, in the event that you can't pick a charming point for your selection paper, you can google and pick a captivating statement to form into the establishment for the composition. Model for instance, the modified exposition on premature birth paper. Consider these focuses for an awesome reception essay.</p> <h2> The Debate Over Essay Samples Abortion </h2> <p>Everyone else has been in a situation to have an open door at life for what reason should an unborn kid have precisely the same right. It very well may be exceedingly difficult to precisely state so, all in all the undeveloped organism gets person. Along these lines, a hatchling of a solitary week or so isn't viewed as a human life by genius abortionists. </p> <p>Another common clarification is they are simply done having children. When concluding whether to take an interest in pre-marriage sex, it's imperative to the individual to learn how it will affect them. Envision the limit of life. </p> <h2>Top Essay Samples Abortion Secrets </h2> <p>It's essential to remember not to present any new data in the end passage. This specifically is the purpose for the contention that has been worked around the custom. Indeed, even in the occasion the cutoff time is in reality close, don't hesitate to get hold of our supervisors. Additionally, there are loads of various reasons with respect to why it should be illegalized. </p> <h2>What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About Essay Samples Abortion </h2> <p>Choosing our administration, you will comprehend that contemplating can be basic in the event that you gain from the guide of skilled specialists. You don't have to come back to class to plan for the GE D test. Understudies have occupied existences and habitually disregard a moving toward cutoff time. Concentrating just can help improve your capacities. </p>

The Value Of Asset Liability Management Example For Free - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 15 Words: 4567 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? The Asset-Liability Management is one of the most crucial functions of a bank in the highly competitive and complex business environment today. Asset-Liability Management is a co-ordinated management of a banks balance sheet to allow for different interest rate, liquidity and optionality shocks. Post Liberalization in 1991, deregulation of various banking operations, freeing of interest rates, entry of new generation banks increasing the competition, diversifying of banking activities, integration of Indian banking into the world, introduction of new, complex products in the market, have all led to increase in the volatility in the financial market. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Value Of Asset Liability Management Example For Free" essay for you Create order In such a scenario, there are various opportunities, but they all come up certain risks, which if not handled carefully could wipe out a banks profits and may even result in its bankruptcy. The recent global financial crisis has further reinforced the importance of asset-liability management in banks and the current market scenario in India has meant that banks have been facing asset-liability mismatch in their balance sheets as well. The 2 major types of market risks a banks faces are Liquidity Risk and Interest Rate risks, which are primarily addressed by the Asset-Liability Management of a bank. The methods and approaches towards Asset-Liability Management have evolved over the years due to changes in the business environment and the governing body for commercial banks in India, RBI, has prescribed certain guidelines from time to time to make sure all commercial banks fall in line and follow a uniform method for the same. In its recent Monetary Policy Review, RBI expressed concern towards the current asset-liability situation in the banks and asked banks to curb their lending, which has gone well In excess of their deposits, leading to straight negative mismatch and liquidity crunch in the system. Also, the constant increases by RBI in the Repo rates (due to inflationary pressure) over the past 1 year has led to increase in cost of funds for the banks, hitting their Net Interest Margins. The banks recently have been forced to increase their deposit rates significantly to attract fresh deposits to address the liquidity problem, which will also lead to decrease in their profit margins in the ongoing and future quarters. The paper will also discuss how the Asset-Liability Management is carried out at State Bank of India, Indias largest bank. WHAT IS ASSET LIABILITY MANAGEMENT (ALM) ALM is the management of total balance sheet dynamics with regard to the size and quality. It is a process of adjusting bank liability to meet loan demands, liquidity needs and safety requirements. Asset liability management is a philosophy under which the bank can target assets growth by adjusting liabilities to suit their needs. Its focus is on Profitability Long term operating viability It is a co-ordinated management of a banks balance sheet to allow for different interest rate, liquidity and optionality shocks. It involves: On balance-sheet match of the assets and liabilities being re-priced. Off balance sheet hedging of the on balance-sheet risks. Securitization, to remove the risk from the balance sheet. Alignment of branch level targets with broader goals of bank. Centralization of liquidity and interest rate risks. It is a process to match Assets and liabilities In terms of maturities and interest rate sensitivities to minimize Interest rate r isk and liquidity risk. ALM involves Quantification of risks Conscious decision making with regard to asset liability structure in order to maximise interest earnings within the frame work of perceived risks. BENEFITS OF ALM There are various benefits of having a proper Asset-Liability Management: Awareness of various risks in the banking book, beyond credit risk. Risk appetite for the banking book and at the portfolio level is clearly defined once hidden risks are known to the bank. Strategies to manage or mitigate intermediation risks. Hedging with capital or derivatives. Enhancement of net worth. Limits based on risk/ return trade-off much larger low-risk positions can be assumed with the knowledge of ALM. Entry into lucrative high-risk businesses with the guidance of ALM, if (i) they are weakly related to the existing portfolio or (ii) bank has access to options. EVOLUTION OF ALM ALM was in response to much sharper stock market, exchange rate, price and interest rate volatility since the early 1970s. The following events led to its evolution globally: The SL crisis Savings and Loans Associations (SL) in California, USA offered LT, fixed-rate, mortgage-backed housing loans, funded by ST deposits. Money market funds offered higher deposit rates, to reduce SL deposits on a large-scale, in the 1970s. SL deposit rates were deregulated. Cost of funding went up much faster than rise in yields on advances. NII simulations showed high book value of capital decline in reported NII was gradual. Regulatory capital lowered to 3% of assets. Restrictions on SL lending lifted. Large-Scale book insolvency by mid-1980s. Lessons from SL crisis The result of high exchange rate, price and interest rate volatility. High bailout cost ($154 billion) result of regulatory laxity and political connections. Exposure to interest risk, even in the non-tradable banking book, with volatile rates. Maturity mismatch between assets and liabilities. Focus on opportunity costs even for non-tradable products, like loans, rather than their book values. Orange County Disaster Composition of Orange County Investment Pool (OCIP) in 1994: Long-term securities, with maturities between 3 and 5 years around 47%. Long-term inverse floaters, with maturities between 3 and 5 years around 33%. For an inverse floater, the coupon falls as rate rises. They were both funded by short-term deposits and repo ( 180 days) borrowing. Assumption of steady or declining rates worked till end-1993 huge NII gains and profits for OCIP. Rise in market rates Fed Funds and Long-term by 250 bps in 1994. Sharp fall in value of assets and repo collateral funding liquidity crunch. On December 1, 2004, Orange County announced a loss of USD 1.6 billion and filed for bankruptcy. The plea that Assets and Liabilities were HTM was rejected and assets liquidated at low market value. Asian Crisis Near Collapse of LTCM Sharp rise in funding costs (IRR) Þ liquidity squeeze (Funding liquidity Risk) Þ distress sales Þ collapse in Market Value of Assets and Equity (Market Risk and Asset Liquidity Risk). Failure of NII gap simulations to consider erosion in Market Value of Equity. Introduction of complex derivatives for risk reduction interdependent credit, market and ALM risk Shift to MTM valuation of Assets and Liabilities. Duration and Duration Gap analysis for sensitivity of risky and riskless cashflows. Portfolio VaR for probabilities and correlations. Emphasis on simulations and Economic Capital. Rapid decrease in the cost of computer storage capacity and sharp rise in speed and precision. Widespread use of Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. ALM MILESTONES IN INDIA Early-mid 1990s: Interest Rate deregulation. 10.2.1999: First ALM circular. Focus on funding liquidity Risk and NII Gap analysis. No discussion of Trading Book. June 2001-April 2004: Steady decline in market rates. Focus on long-term G-secs. Huge trading profits. October 2002: Market Risk Guidelines. Inclusion of Banking Book Liquidity Risk and IRR. May 2004 -: Sharp rise in rates. Huge trading losses. 24.6.2004: Market Risk Capital Charges. Shift to Duration Analysis for Trading Book. June 2004: Introduction of Basel II. Liquidity and Banking Book IRR in Pillar 2. Separation of banking and trading books. 2.9.2004: Permission to shift SLR investments, upto 25% of NDTL, to the HTM category. 17.4.2006: Draft guidelines on ALM. Focus on Duration Gap Analysis. Addition of three regulatory buckets in RSG statement. October, 2007: Revised ALM guidelines, dividing the Liquidity statements first maturity bucket into 3 buckets. IMPLEMENTATION OF ASSET-LIABILITY MANAGEMENT Organizing a Planning Team Developing a Strategic Plan Establishing an Asset Liability Committee Developing an Annual Budget or Profit Plan Developing a process for reviewing performance The Planning Team Team Usually Consists Of Staff Members Who Have Basic Skills And Knowledge And Will Be Headed By CEO. It does the following: Developing Strategic Plan Initiate planning process Assigns responsibility for developing overall plan Review the components and recommend actions to board of directors. Setting Goals For Risk Management Profit Planning The Strategic Plan This plan has 5 key components: Mission statement Strategic financial goals Situation analysis Swot analysis Action plan supported by financial plan ALCO It is the apex committee of a bank for asset-liability management. ALCO comprises staff members and the CEO. ALCO meets more frequently. ALCO develops , implements and manages banks annual budget or profit plan and risk management programme. Timely, accurate data and analysis is a must for ALCOs success Budget or Profit Plan This is a tool to keep the bank on track to achieve its strategic financial goals. ALCO helps to oversee the making of the financial budgets It makes recommendations if necessarry The ALCO considers all details like time covered by the plan , contingencies that may cause the plan to change, and the action plans, goals and timetables so as to effectively implement the plan. Review System Review helps to find out the short comings and alter it if necessary As and when the plan is written the frequency of the reviewing is also decided This helps the banks to be consistent with the banks short and long range goals. LIQUIDITY RISK MANAGEMENT IN BANKS A bank faces liquidity risks of the following types: Funding Risk It happens when there is a need to replace net outflows due to unanticipated withdrawals of deposits or non-renewal of deposits, delayed payment or default on loans, unexpected new loan demands from existing or new customers and so on Time Risk It happens when there is need to compensate for non-receipt of expected inflows of funds Call Risk It happens due to Crystallization of Contingent Liabilities like Letter of Credit, Bank Guarantee etc. The bank is forced to make immediate arrangement of funds if the claims on these liabilities are made. The maturity buckets given by RBI initially in its February 1999 guidelines were as follows: 1.1 to 14 days 2. 15 to 28 days 3. 29 days and upto 3 months 4. Over 3 months and upto 6 months 5. Over 6 months and upto 1 year 6. Over 1 year and upto 3 years 7. Over 3 years and upto 5 years 8. Over 5 years But, RBI realized that the first bucket (1-14 days) was not good enough to capture the liquidity requirements adequately and the bucket had to be more granular. So, RBI mandated splitting the bucket into 3 time buckets i.e Next Day, 2-7 days and 8-14 days. In every bucket, the bank has to calculate the cash inflows and cash outflows depending on the residual maturity of its assets and liabilities and then find out the mismatches in each bucket. If the Maturing Assets (M.A) Maturing Liabilities (M.L), there is a positive mismatch If the Maturing Assets (M.A) Maturing Liabilities (M.L), there is a negative mismatch In case of positive mismatch, there is excess liquidity in the bank for the concerned maturity bucket and this excess liquidity can be deployed in money market instruments, interbank lending in call money market, bill discounting, creating new assets, investment swaps etc. In case of a negative mismatch, there is shortage of liquidity in the bank for the concerned maturity bucket and this can be financed from interbank borrowings in call money market, bill rediscounting, Repo borrowings, liquidation of investments, deployment of foreign currency converted into Rupee and so on. This is the statement of Structural Liquidity which a bank must prepare daily and report to RBI atleast once every month, as on the 3rd Wednesday of every month. RBI has prescribed limits for the negative mismatches in the first 4 buckets. The net cumulative negative mismatches during the Next day, 2-7 days, 8-14 days and 15-28 days buckets should not exceed 5 % ,10%, 15 % and 20 % of the cumulative cash outflows in the respective first 4 buckets. However, a bank may keep additional limits at their own discretion in addition to these limits. A sample statement of Structural Liquidity that a bank prepares is as follows: INTEREST RATE RISK MANAGEMENT IN BANKS The deregulation of interest rates and the operational flexibility given to banks to price most of their assets and liabilities has led to the need of Interest Rate Risk Management. Interest Rate Risk arises when the change in the market interest rates adversely affect the banks financial condition by hitting its profits. The immediate impact of changes in interest rates is on banks earnings (i.e. reported profits) by changing its Net Interest Income (NII) and Net Interest Margin (NIM). A long-term impact of changing interest rates is on banks Market Value of Equity (MVE) or Net Worth because the economic value of banks assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet positions get affected due to fluctuations in market interest rates. The Interest Rate Risk can be viewed from 2 perspectives: Earnings Perspective The risk from the earnings perspective is measured by changes in the banks Net Interest Margin (NIM) and Net Interest Income (NII). There are many techniques for measuring the same such as Gap Analysis, Duration Gap Analysis, Simulation, Value at Risk (VaR) and so on. Traditional Gap Analysis The focus of the Traditional Gap Analysis is to measure the level of a banks exposure to interest rate risk in terms of sensitivity of its NII to interest rate movements. It involves bucketing of all Rate Sensitive Assets (RSA) and Rate Sensitive Liabilities (RSL) and off balance sheet items as per their residual maturity/re-pricing date in various time bands. It may also involve computing Earnings at Risk (EaR) i.e. loss of income under different interest rate scenarios over a time horizon of one year. In every time bucket given by RBI, the RSA and RSL are computed and the positive or negative Gap is found out. If RSARSL, there is a Positive Gap and in such a scenario, an increase in market interest rates will lead to increase in the banks NIM as there are more assets which are re-pricing in the concerned time bucket than the liabilities which are re-pricing. If RSARSL, there is a Negative Gap and in such a scenario, an increase in market interest rates will lead to decrease in the banks NIM as there are more liabilities which are re-pricing in the concerned time bucket than the assets which are re-pricing. Hence, if the bank feels that the interest rates are going to rise under the current scenario, it is favourable for the bank to maintain a positive Gap and if it feels that the interest rates are going to decline in the near future, it is favourable for the bank to maintain a negative Gap. Economic Value Perspective Duration Gap Analysis (DGA) The focus of the DGA is to measure the banks exposure to interest rate risk in terms of sensitivity of Market Value of its Equity (MVE) to interest rate fluctuations. The DGA involves bucketing of all RSA and RSL same as done in Traditional Gap analysis and computing the Modified Duration Gap (MDG). This can be used to evaluate the impact on the MVE of the bank under different interest rate scenarios. Modified Duration (MD) of an asset or liability measures the approximate percentage change in its value for a 1% change in the rate of interest. The larger the Modified Duration Gap, the more is the bank exposed to interest rate shocks. Interest Rate Sensitivity Time Buckets Earlier, the maximum bucket for sensitive items was over 5 years, but it has been revised now to Over 5 yrs, 5 yrs to 7 yrs, 7 yrs to 10 yrs, 10 yrs to 15 yrs and over 15 yrs as the banks have forayed greatly into long term assets like home loans, infrastructure loans and so on which have a maturity well in excess of 5 years. Sample Statement of Interest Rate Sensitivity Analysis ASSET LIABILITY MANAGEMENT AT STATE BANK OF INDIA (SBI) The Asset and Liability Management Committee of the bank (ALCO) is given the primary role of Liquidity Management and Interest Rate Risk Management. ALM department provides various data, reports and information to ALCO to enable them to monitor the same and provide necessary guidelines. The Global Market Department gets the various reports, data from Asset Liability Management Department on a daily basis and takes decisions regarding liquidity management and interest rates on various instruments in consultation with ALCO. ALCO can meet as and when required but at least once in a month. ALCO The Asset -Liability Management committee (ALCO) presently has the following members: Managing Director Chief Credit and Risk Officer Managing Director Group Executive (Associates Subsidiaries) Deputy Managing Director Group Executive (Global Markets) Deputy Managing Director Group Executive (Mid Corporate) Deputy Managing Director Group Executive (National Banking) Deputy Managing Director (Corporate Strategy and New Business) Deputy Managing Director Group Executive (Rural Business) Deputy Managing Director Chief Financial Officer Chairman Deputy Managing Director Group Executive(Corporate Banking) Deputy Managing Director Group Executive (International Banking) Chief General Manager (Financial Control) Member Secretary LIQUIDITY RISK MANAGEMENT AT SBI The bank measures the mismatches in cash inflow and cash outflow by calculating the Maturity Gap Analysis over several time buckets. While computing the gap, assets (inflow)/liabilities (outflow) are placed as per their remaining maturities. In the case of assets/liabilities without any contractual maturity (SB/CA/CC etc.,) the maturity patterns are based on behavioral study of these portfolios with the approval of ALCO. A large portion (presently taken as 40%) of retail term deposits due for maturity are assumed to be rolled over and accordingly put in longer time bucket of outflow. Similarly a small portion of our Non Fund-Based business (for LC 5% and for BG 1.5%) are assumed to devolve and placed in outflows across several buckets. For example, Current Account and Savings Account balances are bifurcated into core and volatile portions and volatile portion is placed in the short-term buckets while core portion is placed in longer term buckets of outflow. This g ap analysis has to be done on daily basis but reported to RBI on 1st and 3rd Wednesdays of every month. RBI has prescribed limits only for negative net cumulative mismatches in the first 4 buckets in short-term period (5% for 1 day, 10% in 2-7 days, 15% for 8-14 days, 20% in 15-28 days). ALCO has however prescribed the upper limit of 20% for all other time buckets. Structural Liquidity report is compiled as above on a daily basis and put up to top management {CGM (FC) and DMD CFO}. Important Liquidity Ratios Liquidity Ratios Percentage Liquid Assets to Total Assets Range Liquid Assets to Total Deposits Range Liquid Assets to Near Short-Term Liabilities 100% No regulatory definition of liquid Assets and benchmarks. Accordingly, liquid assets are defined internally and the benchmarks are set matching with these definitions keeping in view with the banks risk appetite The definition of liquidity ratios that are monitored and the bench marks are approved by ALCO. ALM Department monitors these ratios INTEREST RATE RISK MANAGEMENT AT SBI The Gap Analysis statements prepared daily by ALM department and sent to Global Markets Department. Also, list of all deposit and lending rates of all commercial banks is prepared daily and sent to Global Markets Department, who may take decisions on changes in interest rates. Details of Growth in Advances and Deposits prepared daily and sent to Global Markets Department, who may look at the market conditions, the need for the bank and tweak rates on things like bulk deposits almost every day. The major changes in interest rates are done in consultation with ALCO. CONTINGENCY FUNDING PLAN (CFP) RBI guidelines say that all banks must prepare a contingency plan to measure the ability to withstand any unexpected liquidity crisis. Trigger Events: ÂÂ  As per the ALM policy, trigger event is said to have occurred if:Â Bank becomes a Net Borrower (Repo / CBLO / Money Market) continuously for 30 days and During that period the unencumbered excess SLR securities fall below 2% of fortnightly average deposits of previous quarter continuously for a period of 10 days. Quantitative Warning Signals Deposits decline by more than 5% of aggregate domestic deposits without corresponding decline in loans and other assets during previous 3 months. Loan portfolio increase by 5% without any significant increase in total deposits in last 3 months. Cumulative negative gaps in the time bucket 29 days up to 90 days exceeds 35% of cumulative outflows in that time bucket. The performance of the Bank as reflected from quarterly results has not been satisfactory. Qualitative Warning Signals Depositors request for early withdrawal of their funds. Accelerated run off of large fund providers. Real or perceived negative publicity Downgrade or announcement of potential down grade of rating by rating agencies. A decline of asset quality. The overall economy is witnessing a tight liquidity position. The Contingency Funding Plan is reviewed every quarter. It is monitored by ALM Department and report submitted to ALCO every quarter. SBI RESULTS Q3FY 2011 The CASA ratio is quite healthy at 48%, which has primarily led to cost of deposits coming down to 5.20% NIM is above 3% which is a manageable figure Provision Coverage Ratio is still well below stipulated 75%, stands at 64% and SBI has asked for extention in period to comply with the same. To get this to 64%, there has been huge amount of provisions made. In the current quarter also, the profit would be hit due to provisions. Net Interest Income has grown substantially both as compared to Q3 FY10 and also compared to 9M FY10, which is a good sign. As can be seen, Loan Loss provision has increased by more than 200% which has hit the profitability greatly. Deposits growth has been driven by strong growth in CASA (27%). Still deposit growth is just 14% YOY, which is much less than Advances growth of 22%. This has been the problem faced by most banks as the people have shifted from bank deposits to mutual funds and equity due to negative rate of return offered by bank d eposits. This has led to concern as Credit-to-deposit ratio has increased across banks significantly. In some banks, it has crossed 100%, which has alarmed RBI and RBI has warned banks to see to it. The credit-to-deposit ratio for SBI is 77%, increased from 71% and has also entered into caution area (tolerable is 60-70%) The lack in deposit growth has meant tight liquidity condition for all banks in past few months. Also, there is straight asset liability mismatch as the deposit growth was mainly due to CASA and advances growth was led by long term infrastructure funding, as much as 21% of total corporate advances. NIM reached 3.40% from 2.56% a year earlier. CAR of the bank remained at a healthy level of 13.16%, well above the min requirement of 9%. DEPOSIT RATES IN SBI Tenors Existing w.e.f. 03.01.2011 Â Revised w.e.f. 14.02.2011 7 days to 14 days 4.00 7 days to 14 days 4.00 15 days to 45 days 5.00 15 days to 45 days 5.00 46 days to 90 days 5.50 46 days to 90 days 5.50 91 days to 180 days 6.00 91 days to 180 days 6.00 181 days to less than 1 year 7.75 181 days to less than 1 year 7.75 1 year to 554 days 8.25 1 year to 554 days 8.25 555 days 9.00 555 days 9.25 556 days to less than 2 years 8.25 556 days to less than 2 years 8.25 2 years to 999 days 8.75 2 years to 999 days 8.75 1000 days 9.00 1000 days 9.25 1001days to less than 3 years 8.75 1001days to less than 3 years 8.75 3 year to less than 5 years 8.25 3 year to less than 5 years 8.25 5 years to less than 8 years 8.50 5 years to less than 8 years 8.50 8 years and up to 10 years 8.75 8 years and up to 10 years 8.75 As we can see, SBI, like all other Indian banks has had to increase its deposit rates to attract fresh deposits to bring their deposit growths and credit growth closer in line and bring their Credit-to-Deposit ratio to a tolerable level. This increase in deposit rates will affect the NIM of the bank in the ongoing quarter, but this was a necessary step to address the liquidity problem and not having to rely on repo borrowings to fund their credit growth. The economy, as a whole, has faces a liquidity crunch due to huge outgo of funds from the banking system to the Government on account of 3G auction, Broadband wireless spectrum auction, disinvestment programme by Government and also the fact that the people have shifted away from bank deposits to more lucrative investments like Mutual funds and equities. This is because the bank deposits have been giving negative real rate of returns in the current high inflationary scenario. RATIOS COMPARISON Banks Base Rate CASA RoE CAR State Bank of India 8.25% 48% 18% 13.16% Central Bank of India 9.50% 37% 11% 12.23% HDFC Bank 8.20% 51% 11.58% 16.3% Bank of Baroda 9.00% 38% 13% 14.36% ICICI Bank 8.75% 44.2% 10.77% 19.98% As we can see, SBI and HDFC have the lowest Base Rates and they have been able to achieve this due to their high CASA ratios, as compared to other banks. The Base Rates of all banks have gone up in the past few months as the RBI has increased the Repo Rates (the rate at which banks borrow short term funds from RBI) due to inflationary pressures in the economy. The Repo rate as of today is 6.50%. The CAR of all banks is well in excess of the stipulated minimum level of 9%. CONCLUSION The Asset-Liability Management is one of the most crucial functions of a bank in the highly competitive and complex business environment today. Asset-Liability Management is a co-ordinated management of a banks balance sheet to allow for different interest rate, liquidity and optionality shocks. ALM involves quantification of various market risks and conscious decision making with regard to asset liability structure in order to maximize interest earnings within the frame work of perceived risks. The apex governing body for commercial banks in India, RBI has given certain guidelines for ALM and the banks have to follows these to prepare the Structural Liquidity Statements and Interest Rate Sensitivity Statements. The Indian economy, as a whole has been facing liquidity crunch in the banking system due to large outgo of funds to Government due to 3G and Broadband auctions and Disinvestment initiatives by Government. Also, the deposit growth has been very low as compared to credit gro wth in banks due to negative real rate of return offered by bank deposits in current high inflationary scenario. This has meant negative liquidity mismatch for the banks, who have had to resort to short term Repo borrowings to fund their credit growth, leading to very high Credit-to-Deposit Ratios, which is a serious cause of concern as highlighted by RBI in its Monetary Policy Review. This has led to increase in deposit rates by most banks to attract fresh deposits from public. State Bank of India is the largest bank in India, having a very elaborate and complex ALM process. The Contingency Funding Plan (CFP) is also quite comprehensive and the Quarter 3 results showed that the ALM at SBI has been quite successful in keeping its NIM above 3%, CASA at more than 45% and CAR in excess of 13%. The only cause of concern has been the provisions made on NPAs, which have hit the banks profits a little bit. And, still the Provision Coverage Ratio is below the stipulated limit of 70%, whi ch means that huge provisions will have to made in the ongoing quarter as well, leading to lower profitability for the bank. SBI has also increased its deposit rates in the past 2 months to attract fresh deposits, which has been the case with all other banks. SBI hopes to bring its credit growth and deposit growth closer to each other in the ongoing and coming quarters to make its Asset-Liability position better and reduce its Credit-to-Deposit ratio, which is slightly higher than a tolerable level at present. Hence, Asset-Liability Management comes with its various challenges and complexities, but a bank has to give a lot of importance to this task, as it has a direct impact on a banks profitability and sustainability.

How to Use a Math Writing Help Service

<h1>How to Use a Math Writing Help Service</h1><p>Learning arithmetic can be baffling on the off chance that you don't have the foggiest idea how to deal with math issues. You're battling with an issue, and you need some assistance. Before you get disappointed and surrender, ensure you have the instruments you have to tackle your concern. There are numerous sites that offer free math help online.</p><p></p><p>On the Internet you will discover a lot of free assets for math issues. Some of them may support you and some of them won't. Everything relies upon which site you visit and which sort of math issues you are searching for. Some may assist you with math issues that will assist you with taking care of your issues. Others will just assistance you with an essential level.</p><p></p><p>The free assets for math issues may likewise have a few impediments. In the event that you are searching for help with cutting edge issu es, at that point you should search for a site that has help with cutting edge problems.</p><p></p><p>There are various sites out there, yet just a couple merit your opportunity to attempt. The best assets for math issues will have a rating and an audit by individuals who have utilized the website.</p><p></p><p>These assets will offer you helpful hints and guidance for taking care of math issues. They will assist you with particular kinds of math issues so you don't need to stress over the arrangement. This is significant in light of the fact that some math issues might be more troublesome than others.</p><p></p><p>If you don't have the foggiest idea how to move toward a math issue, at that point it is difficult to tackle it. You have to think about the trouble level and the sort of issue you are managing. The site you are utilizing must give a total answer for the problem.</p><p></p><p>W hile there are numerous assets accessible on the web, the ones that merit your time will be recorded first in the rundown. Take a gander at the audits of every asset before you choose to utilize them. You would prefer not to burn through your time by squandering your money.</p>

Find Quality Journal Research Writing Services

<h1>Find Quality Journal Research Writing Services</h1><p>The number of diaries accessible in the market today can be overpowering for a maturing analyst. Along these lines, it is significant that an expert diary investigate composing administration can assist recorded as a hard copy the substance of the diary articles, which can be trailed by any of the perusers who are keen on a specific subject.</p><p></p><p>Some of the points that are famously utilized for examine papers incorporate business, purchaser, and sports. Different points incorporate travel, wellbeing, excellence, fund, nourishment, style, and leisure.</p><p></p><p>Therefore, composing the exploration papers can be a troublesome undertaking and in this way, having the assistance of diary look into composing administrations is required. One can employ an assistance to compose the articles for them. They can likewise help in sorting out and finishing the ar ticles.</p><p></p><p>There are numerous individuals who like to enlist this sort of administration with the goal that they can spare time recorded as a hard copy their examination articles. They can be of massive assistance in making extraordinary substance in the papers. In addition, one can get an interesting point of view in picking the subjects to compose about.</p><p></p><p>Research composing administrations are sufficiently talented to comprehend the different necessities of an exploration paper. In this way, they can utilize the exploration strategy to compose articles that are quite certain in content. Their experience and ability recorded as a hard copy can help them recorded as a hard copy the substance of the articles.</p><p></p><p>The web is likewise an accessible these days. In this manner, anybody can visit the web for looking through the correct article specialist co-op for composing the articles. It is basic to do this before searching for a specialist organization for this purpose.</p><p></p><p>Today, the administrations of the specialist co-ops are accessible on the web in various configurations, for looking through the necessary research article from the accessible specialist organizations. This causes the online clients to locate the particular research article in a brief timeframe. Accordingly, it causes the client to think about the different diary articles in a couple minutes.</p><p></p><p>Thus, it is important to utilize different administrations suppliers for look into composing before employing the specialist co-op. This will assist the individual with finding a solid specialist organization for composing the articles.</p>

Essay on Various Topics - Simple Tips to Keep Your Essay Short and to the Point

<h1>Essay on Various Topics - Simple Tips to Keep Your Essay Short and to the Point</h1><p>When composing a paper on different subjects, it is imperative to keep it short and straightforward. Here are a few hints to assist you with staying away from the feared exposition on different topics.</p><p></p><p>The first tip is to offer short responses to basic inquiries. As opposed to recount to a long story that you have no opportunity to follow, utilize these short responses to leave your perusers with a short, fresh and convincing thought regarding your subject. For instance, if your subject is the reason is the sky blue, compose a brisk answer, for example, 'Well, it's just blue in view of the considerable number of gases and residue in the atmosphere.'</p><p></p><p>Another tip is to just cover a couple of significant focuses. Regardless of whether it is the nation you experienced childhood in or your present area, don't invest a ton of energy throughout the entire existence of your theme. Adhere to the central matter and make it as short as could reasonably be expected, similarly as in a straightforward introduction.</p><p></p><p>The last tip is to maintain a strategic distance from references and similitudes, as they can be befuddling. Rather, pose inquiries about the idea with regards to the essay.</p><p></p><p>When you run over implications or illustrations, attempt to escape the progression of the whole theme by concentrating on single word, sentence or one thought. Abstain from attempting to add profundity to the thoughts by including a smart and amusing saying to your essay.</p><p></p><p>By following these tips, your paper will end up well and leave perusers fulfilled. Truth be told, your exposition may even be acknowledged by the distributer for publication!</p><p></p><p>Whatever kind of article on different themes you are composing, don't permit it to turn out to be excessively long and exhausting. Keep in mind, your point is to get however many perusers as could be expected under the circumstances to peruse your paper and settle on a choice to purchase your book. So keep your exposition short and ensure that you leave perusers with a smart thought about your topic.</p>

Beginners Guide to Paper Writing

Beginner's Guide to Paper WritingThe first thing you need to know about getting your writing to sound like you write in print is that there is not a set way to do it. There are many different styles of paper writing. All writers have their own style, as do publishers, editors, and other writers.It is also important to realize that online versions of print publications differ greatly from their on-the-page versions. The text in the online version will be tightly confined to a single page or a page and a half, whereas the word count in the printed version can vary from two hundred words to four thousand words. In short, you should be comfortable with what your audience will expect in the online format.Language is very important when you are creating a piece of paper writing. When you use certain words to express yourself, it is important to use a consistent vocabulary. You must also learn how to use the correct grammar when writing for print. In many cases, you may need a specialist in the field, such as a teacher or an English professor, to help you learn this essential skill.Many students learn the basic skills of paper writing from their teachers. In fact, some teachers make the assignment part of the classroom curriculum. This enables students to develop the proper techniques, while enjoying the fun aspects of learning.Students need to be provided with all the tools necessary to produce a quality piece of paper writing. The most important of these tools are pencils, paper, markers, rulers, and other writing instruments. Students should be provided with everything they need to make their papers look their best. This ensures that they will learn the basics of paper writing.Once you develop a good writing skills, it is easier to write for the general public. If you are already employed in a profession, then this will add toyour skills. Paper writing is commonly used by teachers, doctors, architects, and business owners. This makes your experience even more valua ble and useful to those who hire you.This type of writing can also benefit those who are already in different fields. Some writers are frustrated with how much time it takes to get their articles and letters published in the newspaper. Online versions can be done in the same amount of time, but can create more revenue for a business owner.Paper writing does not require a huge investment. All you need is some paper, a pen, a pencil, and some time. It is not difficult, but you must be aware of the basics before you begin.

The Poisoned Apple - 1057 Words

The Poisoned Apple Apple Inc. is one of the most notable brands in todays market. With products ranging from home computers, cellphones, internet and cable, to television, Apple Inc. seems to be dominating in every aspect of the technological world. The company started in a garage with only three members, Steve Jobs, Ronald Wayne and Steve Wozniak. With such as small base of operations, one must question of how these young men were able to create and maintain this powerhouse of a company for over forty years. Although there are many other aspects that have contributed to their success, Apple Inc.s use of propaganda techniques in their ad campaigns have to be one of the main factors for its rising fame. The first ad in question comes from one of their earlier works of Macintosh Plus in 1986. The name of this ad is called â€Å"Power to be the Best† and depicts not only the Apple product, but also various athletes such as Olympians competing amongst one another. In one shot ther e is a rock star on-stage, blaring out music through his guitar, as thousands of fans cheer him on. In another frame a cowboy literally takes life by the horns as he wrestles a bull to the ground while kicking up a dust storm all around. Images of NASCAR drivers racing down the tracks, a surfer enjoying his ride within a massive wave, and choir members gleefully singing in a church are just part of the many clips shown throughout the commercial. All the while these images are being projected through theShow MoreRelatedThe Brother s Grimm Reality Of Snow White792 Words   |  4 PagesEvil Queen orders the murder of her stepdaughter. She soon discovers she is still hiding in a cottage with seven dwarfs, who are all miners. After hearing about this, the Evil Queen disguised herself as an evil hag and brings a poisoned apple to Snow White. The poisoned apple causes her to fall a sleep. And she can only be woken up by a prince, who soon finds her and wakes her up. 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Education system in india free essay sample

Education is fundamental to human progress. It plays a prominent role in all-around development of individual as well as society. A large number of books have been written on the importance of education. Education plays a key role in creating patriotic, disciplined and productive manpower. Educated manpower constitutes precious assets as well as agents for advancing the nation. Education means the fostering of personality through the unhampered development of innate qualities of a human being. It aims at integrated development of personality. In principle, education to the citizen is the responsibility of the State since India is a welfare State. It is an integral part of the social sector of the economy. It adds to the efficiency and productivity of human resources leading to sustainable economic growth. Its direct and indirect effects can be observed on the performance of economic sector and social sector of the country. The role of State is important in education sector for its vertical and horizontal growth. Education system in India is similar to that of various other South Asian countries. It consists of three major components- general education, vocational and technical, which till liberalisation of economy were public domain, i.e. they were State’s responsibility class grading divided education system from Primary level to Master level into 17 years. Institutional set-up such as university is called the basic infrastructure which is determinant of educational development. Since the liberalisation of economy, the education sector has been opened up for the private sector and for the joint venture investment. Before 1990 when education sector was State-led which was thought good but the limited resources’ allocation to education had limited its growth projects. This contributed to the emergence of the free educational market keeping the consumers at the centre with choices of quality, quantity and other parameters. However, pattern of annual examination is said to be critically controversial for effective measurement of performance, quality and  standard. Comparatively, semester examination is better in this regard and it is gradually becoming popular. It is next to impossible to judge the efficiency of a student in a subject within the stipulated time of three hours. It is a highly debatable issue and much has been said on this system. Besides, the sincerity or otherwise of our teachers cannot be guaged by any yardstick. This is clear from the growth of coaching institutions and the increasing number of students joining them or rising trend of private tuitions. Again, the greatest irony is that the best teachers are supposed to be employed in government schools, while people send their wards to the private schools. A sense of accountability is completely lacking on the part of the teachers. The worst victims of the whole system are the unfortunate students who are caught in a situation of complete chaos and confusion. One of the major drawbacks of our present system of education in India is that it gives our students the impression that their aim in life is to pass the university examinations, instead of becoming a man of good character and sound temperament. This mentality has many socio-economic evils rooted in it. Naturally, the products of such education system do not contribute to the development of the country, but add to its woes. The greatest drawback of present education system lies in the fact that there is a wide gap between education and its marketability. Our education system does not groom young men and women in a way that they can meet the requirement of job market. Every educated person wants to be a quill-driven, and only a few lucky ones are able to secure jobs in government or Private offices. A majority of these young educated persons have to struggle hard to fulfil their basic requirement which, obviously, brings in them a deep sense of frustration and confusion. Sometimes these frustrated youth come into the contact of anti-social elements leading them to involve in anti- national, disruptive and destructive activities. Our secondary educational system is equally plagued with problems which have negative bearing on the education system. It merely acts as preparation ground for university education. Besides, lack of uniformity in examination evaluation system, variation in syllabus and pattern of education, the syllabus itself is unwieldy and often redundant, not in accordance with the changing socio-economic scenario. Of course, our education system is not indigenous. It was in fact drawn by the British who actually wanted to exploit the intellectual resources of the intelligent people for their own benefits. In other words, they were merely interested in producing a class of officers who may efficiently carry on their plans and programmes and implement them with sincerity. The Britishers, however, succeeded in their mission. This class later becomes an integral part of their administrative set-up and very loyal to the foreign forces. This privileged class had nothing in common with vast majority of illiterate people who were looked down upon by them. In course of time, they lost charm and utility, when the country was faced with unemployment problem. But it is really an irony that the country after gaining independence did not realise the need to bring about changes in the education system in conformity with the needs of a new society which got independence after centuries of slavery. Unfortunately, it has not been changed even today. The remedial measures which are required to be taken should be started from primary level. It should be more creative and interesting, giving more emphasis to oral and practical learning. Syllabus should be fashioned in this way that it looks enjoyable and not gruesome burden. Children’s national curiosity should be aroused and it should be satisfied logically and rationally so that it may encourage their sense of learning. At the secondary level a pattern of common entrance test should be introduced in which merit should constitute main consideration and everyone should be given equal opportunity. Though this system has been started in some States, the need is to make it uniform throughout the country. This could reduce the anxiety about the unevenness of marks offered by different high-level schools. Besides, uniformity should also be followed in the examination evaluation system and in syllabus as well. An independent autonomous body should be formed to guide, monitor and supervise all these things. Furthermore, there should be a proper performance appraisal system for the faculty members. Accountability should be laid down on the teachers in case of poor performance. The system of private tuition should be banned completely, because the teachers having secured increased pay packets from an obliging government do not take interest in performing their duties with full sincerity and devotion. In addition, commercialisation of education should be stopped. The evil practice of charging capitation fee is an open manifestation of this in which the highest payer is assured a place in educational institution of high repute, paying little attention to merit. Resource constraints constitute a major problem of an education system. Investment in education is a core factor of educational development. Of course, the growth of education investment leads to good performance of education. Hence, education investment should be given top priority. No doubt, a good, sound, realistic education system with a scientific base can eliminate want, hunger, diseases and other ills of society. Education can be sensed as an instrument of enlightened social service and solid cultural attainments.